French Bean TRESNA

A. LAND PREPARATION
Cultivating TRESNA does not require seedlings. The land used can be either fallow land or former rice fields.
There are two planting systems:

- Furrow System
Furrows are created with a base width of 40-50 cm, top width of 30-40 cm, a height of 30 cm, and a distance of 30-40 cm between furrows.
Add 10-20 tons per hectare of organic fertilizer, mix it evenly with the furrows, and level them.
This system is suitable for fields with sufficient water supply, such as paddy fields.
- Bed System
Beds are made with a width of 60-80 cm, a 30 cm gap between beds, a height of 30 cm, and the length varies according to the available land.
Add 10-20 tons per hectare of organic fertilizer, mix it evenly, and level the beds.
This system is suitable for fallow land.

B. PLANTING
Planting holes are made using a dibble, with a spacing of 20 x 30 cm or 30 x 40 cm. Apply base fertilizer beside the planting hole, such as TSP at 15 g per hole and KCL at 100 kg per hectare. Place 2 bean seeds per planting hole, then cover them with a thin layer of soil, rice husk ash, or kitchen ash.

C. MAINTENANCE

- IRRIGATION
During the initial germination and young plant stages, TRESNA require ample water. If there is no rainfall, irrigation should be done daily. In the following stages, water supply should be adjusted according to the weather to ensure the soil remains neither too dry nor too wet.
Bean seeds will start to sprout in 4-7 days. Any non-germinated seeds should be replaced, and the final thinning should be done 14 days after planting to ensure uniform growth.

- TRELLISING AND WEEDING
Trellising should be done when the plants are 7-10 days old. Trellis material can be bamboo stakes, with a height of 1.5 to 2 meters. Install the trellis alongside the plants, with about 30,000 stakes per hectare. The plants should be trained onto the trellis and tied at various points to prevent sprawling.
The area around the plants should be kept free of grass and weeds through weeding, which can be done 2-3 weeks after planting.

- TOP-DRESSING FERTILIZATION & PRUNING
Top-dressing fertilizer should be applied based on the plant's condition. If the soil is too fertile, fruiting may be reduced. Apply fertilizer twice, using a dibble at 14 days after planting and again at 45 days after planting. The total supplemental fertilizer requirements are as follows:

NPK Phonska: around 300 kg
SP-36: around 150 kg
KCL: around 150 kg
At the same time, overly dense plants should be pruned. Remove old leaves and unnecessary shoots to stimulate flowering. If there is an insect or caterpillar infestation, promptly spray with contact insecticides.

D. PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL
Common pests affecting TRESNA include cutworms, pod borers, leaf aphids, and fruit flies. These pests can be controlled using insecticides like Curacron, Kanon, Matador, Regent, and others at a dosage of 1-2 ml per liter.
Common diseases in TRESNA include leaf rust, Cercospora leaf spot, fusarium wilt, and bacterial wilt. For leaf spots and rust, you can spray with fungicides like Antracol, Dithane, Ridomyl Gold, and Manzate at a dosage of 1-2 grams per liter. Bacterial wilt can be controlled by applying Bactericide like Agrept, Agrimicyn, Bactomicyn, etc.
Additionally, a recent disease affecting TRESNA is leaf curl, caused by the BCMV (Bean Common Mosaic Virus). Pest and disease control measures should involve four sprayings.
Spraying volumes:

At 7 days after planting = 8 tanks of 15 liters each
At 20 days after planting = 12 tanks of 15 liters each
At 30 days after planting = 16 tanks of 15 liters each
At 40 days after planting = 20 tanks of 15 liters each

E. HARVESTING
Due to their relatively short growth period, TRESNA can be harvested when the plants are 48 days old. Harvest fruits that are neither too young nor too old. If they are too old, they may have developed seeds. You can harvest 15-20 times, with a 2-day interval between harvests. The total production can reach 30-35 tons per hectare.

1. Bacterial Wilt Symptoms of bacterial wilt include the sudden wilting of plants without prior yellowing of the leaves. The main stem appears green and upright, while leaf petioles and leaf blades appear to droop during the day. However, the plants recover their vigor in the evening. Another symptom is the inner part of the stem (vascular tissue) turning brown. If the base of the stem is cut and soaked in clear water, a bacterial stream resembling cigarette smoke will emerge. Control measures involve crop rotation with non-host plants. Prevention includes the application of sulfur during land preparation. Balanced fertilization is recommended to prevent overly succulent plants. Remove infected plants and apply bactericides with active ingredients such as streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and dazomet through drenching.

2. Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) The cause of this disease is the Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV), which is a significant threat to long beans. There are two types of BCMV symptoms. The mosaic type (Image A) results in leaf color mottling between dark green and light green. The systemic necrosis type (Image B) exhibits lesions on leaves, sometimes causing tip wilting and a reddish-brown color change in the vascular tissue. The type of symptoms that develop depends on the bean variety, infection timing, virus type, and environmental conditions. Control measures involve using yellow sticky traps to capture leaf aphids as an early preventive step.

3. Fusarium Wilt Symptoms of Fusarium wilt include partial yellowing or browning of some leaf sections. The affected plants wilt, then dry up and die. When the stem is cut horizontally, brown-colored vascular tissue is visible. Control measures include the removal of infected plants, application of bioagents, and the use of fungicides with active ingredients such as Benomyl and Dazomet for chemical treatment.