Choisum TOSAKAN

ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT Caused by the fungus Alternaria brassicae. Symptoms include small concentric circular brown spots, some of which may appear gray. Lesions or wounds on the leaves often exhibit cracking. Symptoms can also appear on leaf stalks and stems and are spread by water splashes.

• Maintain sanitation in the area surrounding the plants.
• Destroy infected plants to prevent them from becoming a source of inoculum.
• Use resistant varieties.
• Apply fungicides containing active ingredients such as Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, or Triazole.

BLACK ROT Caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Symptoms include yellowing (chlorosis) and V-shaped lesions at the leaf edges. Veins in the chlorotic areas turn black. In advanced stages, the affected parts show necrotic symptoms and turn brown. Easily spread by water splashes. This disease is seed-borne or transmitted through contaminated seeds.

• Use sodium hypochlorite.
• Rotate crops with non-host plants, preferably for 2-3 years.
• Destroy infected plants.

WHITE RUST Caused by the fungus Candida albugo. Early symptoms include chlorotic or necrotic spots on the leaf surface. Then, white pustules form on the underside of leaves, stems, and flowers. These pustules rupture, releasing sporangia resembling powdery chalk dust, which spread and covers the affected areas. It can be spread by wind, water, and insects.

• Use Candida albugo-free seeds.
• Destroy infected plants.
• Rotate crops with non-host plants.
• Apply fungicides containing active ingredients such as Chlorothalonil, Phenylamide, or Strobilurin.