Choisum SHINTA

Seeds are sown along a length of 1-3 meters with a width of approximately 80-100 cm. The spacing between rows is 3-5 cm, while the spacing between plants is 1-2 cm. The seeds are lightly covered with soil and watered.

Seed requirement: 1000 g/ha

Land preparation:

The soil is cultivated and tilled to make it loose. Then, beds are created with a width of 100-120 cm and trenches are dug to a depth of 30-40 cm. The length of the beds is adjusted according to the available land. Planting holes are made with a spacing of 40 x 40 cm.

Transplanting:

The plants are transferred to the field when the seedlings are 10 days old after sowing. The seedlings are planted up to the base of the stem in the prepared planting holes.

Fertilization:

A. Without Plastic Mulch

Fertilizer During land preparation (g/plant) During transplanting (g/plant) Follow-up 1 10 days after transplanting (g/plant) Total (g/plant)

Note: Fertilizer during transplanting and follow-up is applied beside the plant at a distance of 10-15 cm.

B. With Plastic Mulch

Note: Fertilizer is applied during bed preparation and plastic mulch installation, evenly distributed on the beds.\

Maintenance:

Irrigation should be provided adequately during the growth period until harvest.

If there are signs of pest and disease infestation, promptly spray with recommended pesticides.

To accelerate vegetative growth and increase crop production, spray foliar fertilizer at a dosage of 2 g/liter of water every day.

Harvest:

Harvesting is done at 25-30 days after transplanting.

ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT Caused by the fungus Alternaria brassicae. Symptoms include small concentric circular brown spots, some of which may appear gray. Lesions or wounds on the leaves often exhibit cracking. Symptoms can also appear on leaf stalks and stems and are spread by water splashes.

• Maintain sanitation in the area surrounding the plants.
• Destroy infected plants to prevent them from becoming a source of inoculum.
• Use resistant varieties.
• Apply fungicides containing active ingredients such as Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, or Triazole.

BLACK ROT Caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Symptoms include yellowing (chlorosis) and V-shaped lesions at the leaf edges. Veins in the chlorotic areas turn black. In advanced stages, the affected parts show necrotic symptoms and turn brown. Easily spread by water splashes. This disease is seed-borne or transmitted through contaminated seeds.

• Use sodium hypochlorite.
• Rotate crops with non-host plants, preferably for 2-3 years.
• Destroy infected plants.

WHITE RUST Caused by the fungus Candida albugo. Early symptoms include chlorotic or necrotic spots on the leaf surface. Then, white pustules form on the underside of leaves, stems, and flowers. These pustules rupture, releasing sporangia resembling powdery chalk dust, which spread and cover the affected areas. It can be spread by wind, water, and insects.

• Use Candida albugo-free seeds.
• Destroy infected plants.
• Rotate crops with non-host plants.
• Apply fungicides containing active ingredients such as Chlorothalonil, Phenylamide, or Strobilurin.